Microbiota Innovative Management Modalities in Mastering a Healthy Gut … Feeding Update …!

Our mini review aims to state the evidence-based effect of the implementation of newborn infant nutritionwith prebiotics and probiotics has been demonstrated in changing microflora composition toward the desired breast-feedingpattern and stimulating immune responseConsiderable efforts have been made to mimic the composition of human milk by the addition to formula feeding of livingbacteria (probiotics), non-digestible fibers, nucleotides and oligosaccharides (prebiotics), and bovine lactoferrin in orderto induce a breast-fed-similar microbiota colonization in formula-fed infants, with the final aim to stimulate the maturationand proper function of the immune systemSeveral studies performed in the past decades have clearly demonstrated the complexity of gut microbiota compositionand the modulatory effect played by several endogenous and exogenous factors on it. Type of feeding in the first months oflife appears as one of the most important determinants of the child and adult well-being, and its protective action seemsto rely mainly on its ability to modulate intestinal microflora composition at early stages of life. Diet has a dominant roleover other possible variables such ethnicity, sanitation, hygiene, geography, and climate, in shaping the gut microbiota.In recent years, the implementation of milk formula with prebiotics, probiotics, and lactoferrin has been demonstrated tochange newborns’ microflora composition toward breast-feeding pattern and stimulate immune responseConclusions: The aim of this Mini Review is to elucidate the specific immunologic role of the human milk-associatedmicrobiota and its impact on the newborn’s health and life, highlighting the importance to properly study the biologicalinteractions in a bacterial population and between the microbiota and the host. This mini review discusses the composition ofhuman milk and its biological benefit for infants. Additionally, we also discuss how these beneficial effects can be mimickedif breastfeeding is not possible. And to highlight the specific and fundamental role of human milk-associated bacteria inmodulating and influencing the newborns’ immune system during their life.