Aplikasi Kaedah Fiqh Al-Darurah Tuqaddar Biqadariha dalam Agihan Zakat untuk Mangsa Banjir

Flood that occurred in December 2014 has been categorized as the worst in Malaysia. The disaster has involved more than 100,000 people who experienced with the destruction of property and livelihoods. The victims need immediate help to restore their life back to normal. The situation was categorized as an urgency that requires the use of Islamic Legal Maxims in emergency situations. However, it is restricted by the method of “al-darurah tuqaddar biqadariha”. Thus, the study will examine the use of Islamic Legal Maxims in fiqh of zakat scheme for flood victims. The study will also suggest improvements in the coordination of assistance provided. The study found that the eligibility of a flood victim in an emergency situation is seen under the legal maxim of “al- Darurat Tubihul Mahzurat” (necessity makes illegal things legal) but should be restricted by the other legal maxim which is “al-darurah tuqaddar biqadariha” (necessities are estimated according to their quantity). Implications of the study will provide guidelines to the zakat institutions in providing proper assistance schemes to them. Further studies can be conducted to identify the effectiveness of the assistance provided to the victims. Keywords: flood, Islamic legal maxims, emergency, flood victims, aids limitation Abstrak Banjir yang berlaku pada Disember 2014 dikategorikan sebagai paling buruk yang melanda kawasan Pantai Timur, Malaysia. Bencana ini telah melibatkan lebih 100,000 orang mangsa yang mengalami kemusnahan harta benda dan punca pendapatan. Mangsa memerlukan bantuan segera bagi memulihkan kembali kehidupan seperti sedia kala. Keadaan ini dikategorikan sebagai keadaan mendesak yang mengharuskan penggunaan kaedah fiqh dalam situasi darurat. Walau bagaimanapun, ia dibataskan dengan kaedah fiqh al-darurah tuqaddar biqadariha. Justeru, kajian akan mengkaji penggunaan kaedah fiqh ini dalam agihan zakat untuk mangsa banjir. Kajian juga akan mencadangkan penambahbaikan dalam penyelarasan agihan zakat yang diberikan kepada mereka. Hasil kajian mendapati kelayakan seseorang mangsa banjir dalam situasi darurat dilihat lebih tepat di bawah kaedah fiqh  al-darurat tubihul mahzurat (kemudaharatan membolehkan tegahan) tetapi perlu dibatasi dengan kaedah fiqh yang lain iaitu al-darurat tuqaddar bi qadariha (keadaan darurat ditentukan mengikut kadarnya). Implikasi kajian boleh dijadikan  garis panduan kepada institusi zakat dalam menyediakan agihan zakat yang sepatutnya kepada mangsa banjir ini. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan dalam mengenalpasti keberkesanan bantuan yang diberikan kepada mangsa banjir.  Kata kunci: banjir, kaedah fiqh, darurat, mangsa banjir, had bantuan