β- Cell function in a sample of Iraqi Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Back ground: Type 2 diabetes is mostly due to impaired β-cell mass and dysfunction which expressed by Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance. Aim of study: to evaluate β- cell function in newly diagnosed and ongoing diabetics.Method: Eighty-eight subjects enrolled in this study with age range (30-59) years, (20) healthy individuals as controls group with mean age (42.95±9.80) years. (68) Diabetic Patients was divided into two groups, (26) newly diagnosed diabetic, mean age (45.81±8.16) years and (42) ongoing diabetics, mean age (49.33±6.64) year. "Fasting glucose", "lipid profile", "glycosylated hemoglobin", "C-peptide levels" were evaluated. Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance "HOMA B %", "HOMA S %"and "HOMA IR" respectively were estimated by "Homeostasis Model Assessment" "HOMA2 calculator program".Results: "Insulin secretion" and "sensitivity" were found to be lower (P 0.001) in both groups of diabetes than that controls, while a high level of insulin resistance in both diabetic groups than controls (P>0.0001)."C-peptide" level is higher in "newly diagnosed" diabetics than" ongoing diabetics" and controls (p˂0.0001).Conclusion: Patients with low c- peptide level has poor insulin reserve and may need insulin while patients with high level of c- peptide have good insulin reserve and not need insulin to control his blood glucose.