Open AccessImmune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Author(s) -
Sara Cardoso Fernandes,
AUTHOR_ID,
Ana Carina Ferreira,
AUTHOR_ID,
AUTHOR_ID
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
revista portuguesa de nefrologia e hipertensão
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2183-1289
pISSN - 0872-0169
DOI - 10.32932/pjnh.2021.12.159
Subject(s) - medicine , immune system , kidney disease , disease , immunology , immune dysfunction , inflammation , innate immune system , acquired immune system
Chronic kidney disease is characterized by immune dysfunction that increases predisposition to infections, virus-associated cancers and impaired response to vaccination. The altered immune response is caused by impairment of both innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as other factors that are hallmarks of renal disease, such as uremia, malnutrition, chronic inflammation, mineral bone disease and anemia. The aim of this article is to review the causes and mechanisms that lead to immune dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease.