STRUCTURE OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND FEATURES OF ITS FORMATION

An important factor in ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy and ensuring economic growth is the development of human capital. After all, without highly qualified and intellectually educated professionals it is difficult to imagine the emergence of new knowledge, goods or services. During the structuring of human capital, it was found that the most common approach is to distinguish between basic and specific human capital, which have radically different ways of formation and use. Thus, the state and the family, which are interested in high-quality general education and health care, take an active part in the formation of basic human capital. In turn, the specific human capital is formed on the basis of accumulation of professional knowledge, abilities and skills therefore the most concerned persons, in this case, act directly the person, carrier of human capital, and employer. After all, specific human capital is the basis for increasing productivity and increasing profits, so it becomes appropriate for use within the organization where it is obtained. We believe that the structure of human capital should be divided into three components: basic (responsible for human health and its physiological capabilities), professional (related to educational training) and cultural. But the elements we propose must develop within both basic and specific human capital. Among the factors that have the greatest influence in the process of human capital formation are innate individual characteristics, educational level of parents, social status of the family, cultural and ideological factors. Other factors are proposed to be grouped into such groups as demographic, institutional, integration, economic, ecological, production. In the conditions of innovative development in the course of formation of human capital it is necessary to pay significant attention to a professional component. Because such characteristics give the chance to develop in the person abilities which help to generate new innovative knowledge and to improve innovative skills.