A REVIEW ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID-19 VIRUS AND THE POSSIBLE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease has shown to put an enormous burden on the society and is a challenge to the physician owing to its infectivity, complications, morbidity and absence of proper medication. As medicine is an ever-changing science new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge and bring changes in drug therapy. COVID-19 is now spreading throughout the world because of its high infectivity and communicability. Also there is a lack in the proper management of the disease. Because there is no definite and specific treatment for patients with COVID-19, some antiviral agents are prescribed to the patients, depending on their condition and location. It is widely accepted that the world will not return to its prepandemic normalcy until safe and effective vaccines become available and a global vaccination programme is successfully implemented. As COVID-19 is new to humankind and the nature of protective immune responses is poorly understood, it is unclear which vaccine strategies will be most successful. This review attempts to educate the readers about the molecular and structural complexity of COVID-19 virus; its clinical manifestations in humans; immune responses and a special reference on the various adaptive immune responsive strategies including vaccines and its limitations. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccine, Spike Protein, Vector, Immune response, Pandemic, SARS-CoV2