ARCHES WITH GLUED WOOD. THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT

Building structures made of solid and glued timber have long been widely used in many countries of the world, they have existed for several centuries. Their appearance is due to the fact that the available material, wood of natural origin, often could not be obtained with the desired section and quality. The simplest solution to this problem was the flaking of wooden fragments into one solid monolithic element. With the advent of effective technologies, all kinds of production of a large number of various wooden structures appeared, which opened up much more opportunities for designing with glued timber, and its ability to bend and fit into the desired shape, contributed to their use in the manufacture of arched structures. The arch is one of the most interesting and effective designs, the shape of an arch is very common in nature, which speaks of a bionic approach to design, which, by its form, bears both aesthetic and practical significance. Arches have been used by mankind since ancient times, and to be precise, they first appeared in the II millennium BC in the architecture of the Ancient East, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, ancient and Hellenic Syria, and continue to be used to this day, which speaks of their eternal relevance and the need for further improvement and development of this constructive form. The paper considers the process of formation and development of arched structures, in general, and in particular from wood. This work will be able to help to more accurately understand the processes that have influenced, influence and will influence the calculation and design of arched structures, which in turn will help formulate a more competent approach to the design and modification of this structural form. Also, the advantages of glued timber design, its best application in construction and architecture, as well as the advantages of using arched structures will be revealed again.