Open AccessEVOLUTION OF GREENHOUSES: FROM A GARDEN ON THE WINDOWS TO A COMPLEX LIVING MECHANISM
Author(s) -
Natalia Merzhievskaya,
А. М. Соколова
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
sučasnì problemi arhìtekturi ta mìstobuduvannâ
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2077-3455
DOI - 10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.283-294
Subject(s) - industrialisation , greenhouse , population , greenhouse gas , history , environmental planning , geography , engineering , environmental ethics , political science , sociology , ecology , law , philosophy , demography , horticulture , biology
The relevance of the topic today is great, because environmental problems are becoming more acute and stronger every day: melting glaciers, cutting down trees, increasing air pollution, creating islands from garbage in the oceans, etc., which inevitably lead to environmental disasters. The theme of glasshouse, botanical gardens, and various greenhouse facilities will help to activate the population in the right environmental direction. Conservatory combine many functions, it helps to encourage people to pay more attention to environmental education and to draw attention to environmental issues that are solved only in society.
The article briefly considers the historical development of greenhouses. The division into 6 historical stages of evolution is given: I stage - the Age of the Ancient world; Stage II - The Age of Great Migrations; Stage III - The Age of Feudalism; Stage IV - Renaissance; Stage V - Age of Industrialization; Stage VI - The era of modern technology.
As we see from the periodization, greenhouses of the XXI century. reached a new level. Socio-economic conditions are changing, and the requirements for greenhouse structures are subject to constant adjustment. That is, the change in social needs dictates a further expansion of the range of functions of greenhouse complexes. Today, a greenhouse complex is a place that combines many functions, or is part of another typological unit, such as greenhouse-atriums in shopping malls, airports, residential and office buildings, etc. All this became possible due to the introduction of new technologies in the conservatory. Greenhouses, along with technology parks, can be considered centers of implementation, testing and creation of new technologies, usually aimed at energy conservation, environmental improvement and others.
The article also provides illustrated examples for each of the stages (Figure 2) and lists the changes and coincidences in the development of greenhouses. Having considered the history of the evolution of greenhouses, we will be able to predict in which direction to move forward.