THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE COMPLEX PROCESS OF THE RESTORATION-RECONSTRUCTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE HISTORICAL CENTERS OF SMALL TOWNS

The article gives the definition of «restoration-reconstructive transformation» (RRT). Four interconnected systemic levels of the complex process of restoration- reconstructive transformations of the historical centers of small towns have been identified, namely: urban, volumetric, functional and socio-economic. The general principles of the complex process of RRT of the historical centers of small towns are formulated. These are the principles of: «cumulative development» (the accumulation of positive properties that together contribute to its qualitative change, a combination of «traditions» and «innovations»); «contextual addition» (introduction of the necessary new buildings and spaces according to the formed context); «attractive spatial disclosure» (increasing the attractiveness of the historical center) and «multi-comfort» (providing a qualitatively different duration of stay of different people in the historical center). The principles are recommended for the implementation of qualitative changes in historic centers at all defined four systemic levels. They are universal for the historical environment, of any degree of value and destruction, when carrying out the restoration-reconstructive transformations using preserving and restoring, as well as renewing and transforming methods, to improve its quality and transition to a multi-comfortable one. The principle of «cumulative development» is highlighted as the main one in the implementation of the restoration-reconstructive transformations of the historical city centers. The conditional correspondence of the general principles and methods of RRT was determined. For the principles of «cumulative development», «attractive spatial disclosure» and «multi-comfort» – all preserving, restoring, renewing and transforming RRT methods of urban level and the corresponding ones from the volumetric and functional levels, depending on the degree of value and destruction of the historical environment. For the principle of «contextual addition» – restoring, renewing and transforming RRT methods of urban level (regeneration, revalorization, renewal, revitalization, transformation, renovation) with the corresponding methods of volumetric and functional levels.