Open AccessDEFINITION OF THE INTRA QUARTER SPACES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF HISTORICAL CITIES
Author(s) -
Nataliia Vatamaniuk
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
sučasnì problemi arhìtekturi ta mìstobuduvannâ
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2077-3455
DOI - 10.32347/2077-3455.2020.58.48-55
Subject(s) - quarter (canadian coin) , yard , function (biology) , space (punctuation) , architectural engineering , geography , architecture , adaptation (eye) , civil engineering , engineering , computer science , archaeology , psychology , physics , quantum mechanics , evolutionary biology , neuroscience , biology , operating system
The article gives the definition of intra quarter spaces using the example of the historical city of Chernivtsi. The main functions of residential courtyards as elements of the urban planning structure are determined.
To define the concept of «intra quarter space», we can turn to several foreign and domestic researchers, architects, city planners. For example, the theorist and architect A. Gutnov characterized the yard as a clearly fixed, closed space. Courtyards were connected by arches or through passages, forming a complex system of intra quarter spaces, which in some cases penetrated large areas of the city [3].
Architect R. Krier in his works on the morphology of urban space defined the interior spaces of historic quarters as protected from the weather and the environment of the territory, which became the appropriate symbols of the private sphere of life [12].
Summarizing all the above statements, we can give a general definition for «intra quarter spaces», that it is an independent, complex-functional structure that provides communication: the house – the courtyard – urban areas.
Exploring the intra quarters of the city of Chernivtsi, we can identify the following functions of the courtyards:
insulating function, which serves as protection against unplanned intrusion of «strangers» or vehicles into the yard;
household function, which includes meeting the needs of residents of nearby houses;
trade function, is the creation in the volumes of the first floors of various commercial premises;
the function of communication, which plays a socio-psychological role of adaptation of residents to the urban environment;
sanitary and hygienic function, including landscaping, the need for insolation, wind and snow protection of the courtyard, etc.
aesthetic function that provides visual comfort from objects of small architectural forms, landscaping (lawns, flower beds), murals on empty walls, etc.
game function and sports and health function.