THE ECOLOGICAL ASPECT OF FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURALPLANNING STRUCTURE OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LOCATED ON THE AREAS WITH A DIFFICULT TERRAIN

The article deals with the environmental aspects of the placement of preschool educational institutions in urban areas with a difficult terrain. The dialectical relationship between the building of a preschool educational institution and the surrounding terrain is analyzed using the example of preschool educational institutions, located on sites with difficult terrain in cities of Italy, Finland, Iran and other countries. Within the framework of the study, the problem of harmonious integration of the building of a preschool educational institution into the existing urban area with a difficult terrain with minimization of damage to the environment, from carrying out excavations, as well as increasing the energy efficiency of the building by optimizing architectural, planning and spatial solutions is considered. A comparative analysis of the world and domestic experience in the design of construction and operation of preschool educational institutions, integrated into the structure of the surrounding landscape, and the preschool educational institutions built with a significant modification of the terrain structure. The feasibility of using certain types of placement of preschool educational institutions (terraced, flat, on pillars, earth-sheltered, integrated, cantilever) is scrutinized from the point of the impact on the environment and increasing the energy efficiency of the design object.