Open AccessPrognostic Role of mRNA-Expression of Aquaporins (AQP) 3, 4, 7 and 9 in Stage pT1 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Author(s) -
Julian Reiß,
Sebastian Kälble,
Johannes Bründl,
Bernd Rosenhammer,
Michael Gierth,
Florian Weber,
Markus Eckstein,
Ralph M. Wirtz,
Stefan Denzinger,
Maximilian Burger,
Wolfgang Otto,
Johannes Breyer
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
bladder cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.27
H-Index - 19
eISSN - 2352-3735
pISSN - 2352-3727
DOI - 10.3233/blc-200400
Subject(s) - bladder cancer , aquaporin 3 , medicine , messenger rna , clinical significance , pathological , stage (stratigraphy) , cancer , oncology , urology , gastroenterology , pathology , biology , aquaporin , gene , physiology , paleontology , biochemistry
BACKGROUND: AQP proteins show a variety of functions in human cell metabolism. The role of different AQP subtypes in tumor metabolism and prognosis are subject of ongoing research. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mRNA expression of Aquaporin (AQP) 3, 4, 7 and 9 in pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and its prognostic value in therapeutic decision making. METHODS: Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) from 112 patients with initial diagnosis of stage pT1 NMIBC were analyzed retrospectively together with clinical data and therapeutic approaches. mRNA expression of AQP3, 4, 7 and 9 was measured and quantified using RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Of the 112 patients (83.9%male, median age 72 years), 40 had a recurrence (35.7%), 16 a progression (14.3%) and 14 patients (12.5%) died tumor-related. mRNA expression for AQP3 was detected in 99.1%, AQP4 in 46.4%, AQP7 in 86.6%and AQP9 in 97.3%. Spearman analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between AQP3, AQP7 and AQP9 mRNA expression with adverse clinical and histopathological parameters (WHO1973 grade 3, concomitant Cis or multifocality). High AQP9 mRNA expression was associated with worse PFS in the total cohort (p = 0.034) and in Grade 3 tumors (p = 0.003) in Kaplan-Meier analysis. In patients with bladder sparing approach, high AQP3 mRNA expression was significantly associated with worse CSS in patients receiving BCG therapy (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: mRNA expression of AQP3, 7 and 9 correlates with adverse clinical and pathological parameters. AQP3 and 9 may help to identify a subgroup of highest risk patients who may be considered for early cystectomy.