Open AccessRESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOYBEAN CULTIVATION ON DEGRADED SOILS OF THE ALMATY OBLAST
Author(s) -
Tastanbek Atakulov,
N. Alipbekov,
Ashirali Smanov,
U. Kalymbetov
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
doklady nacionalʹnoj akademii nauk respubliki kazahstan
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2518-1483
pISSN - 2224-5227
DOI - 10.32014/2020.2518-1483.142
Subject(s) - sorghum , humus , soil water , agronomy , yield (engineering) , soil salinity , horticulture , environmental science , biology , soil science , materials science , metallurgy
The article presents data on the effective use of secondary saline irrigated land in Almaty oblast. The use of salt-resistant phytomeliorants and an adoptogen contributed to a decrease in the salt content in the soil, along with an increase in yield and improvement of the soil structure. The results showed that in the upper layers of the soil (0-20 cm), the content of agronomically valuable aggregates is higher and ranges from 64 to 73%, and with a depth (20-40 cm) it decreases and ranges from 39 to 66%. The content of water-bearing aggregates increases by 2-5% with depth, and the volume mass of the soil increases with depth and averaged 1.24-1.30 g/cm3. The humus content ranges from 0.54 to 1.16%. The results of observations of the growth and development of phytomeliorants showed that phytomeliorants intensively grew, developed and accumulated aboveground masses, especially in variants with adaptogen treatment. The height of plants reached up to 266 cm (Sudan grass), and on the variant without treatment was 257 cm. Accumulated aboveground masses from 950 to 2013 gr. Intensive growth of phytomeliorants was suppressed by weeds, and their contents were insignificant from 19 to 22 pcs/m2, and in the variant with adaptogen treatment was from 18-20 pcs/m2. The average yield of sorghum green mass ranged from 740.4 centner/ha in the variant without adaptogen treatment, and in the variant with treatment was 777.4 centner/ha. The average yield of sudan grass was 947.0-990.3 centner/ha, and soybean seed yield was in the range from 54.7-56.4 centner/ha. Intensive development of phytomeliorants contributed to an increase in yield and a decrease in salts on the upper soil horizon (0-20 cm) from 0.06 to 0.27%. The largest decrease in salts by 0.27% was observed under soybean crops. The use of the recommended technology contributed to saving irrigation water up to 70% due to drip irrigation, reducing the cost of washing and chemical reclamation – gypsum.