Open AccessDysfunctional neurocognition in individuals with clinically significant psychopathic traits
Author(s) -
James Blair
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
dialogues in clinical neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.11
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1958-5969
pISSN - 1294-8322
DOI - 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.3/rblair
Subject(s) - psychology , neurocognitive , psychopathy , dysfunctional family , empathy , developmental psychology , antisocial personality disorder , aggression , distress , clinical psychology , cognition , poison control , injury prevention , psychiatry , personality , social psychology , medicine , environmental health
The main goal of this review is to consider the main forms of dysfunctional neurocognition seen in individuals with clinically significant psychopathic traits (ie, reduced guilt/empathy and increased impulsive/antisocial behavior). A secondary goal is to examine the extent to which these forms of dysfunction are seen in both adults with psychopathic traits and adolescents with clinically significant antisocial behavior that may also involve callous-unemotional traits (reduced guilt/empathy). The two main forms of neurocognition considered are emotional responding (to distress/pain cues and emotional stimuli more generally) and reward-related processing. Highly related forms of neurocognition, the response to drug cues and moral judgments, are also discussed. It is concluded that dysfunction in emotional responsiveness and moral judgments confers risk for aggression across adolescence and into adulthood. However, reduced reward-related processing, including to drug cues, is only consistently found in adolescents with clinically significant antisocial behavior, not adults with psychopathy.
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