Approaches to the allocation of periphery and рeripheralization in the spatial development of modern Russia

The article is devoted to the issues of periphery and peripheralization of the spatial development of Russia, a significant part of the territory of which has experienced the negative direction of social and economic development during the transition to a market economy and continues to undergo it at the present time. The article discusses the theoretical approaches of Russian and foreign authors to the definition of the concepts of «periphery», «peripheralization of space». Based on the use of methods of comparative analysis and systematization, the authors identified six main approaches of researchers to the definition of the concept of «periphery»: positional, functional, problem, generative-translational, social, subjective, and also revealed the content and peculiarity of each approach. The authors highlighted such basic properties of the periphery as diverse remoteness, economic degradation and social marginalization, poly-scale character, migration outflow, ubiquity and relativity, weak involvement in global economic relations. A system of indicators characterizing the periphery in accordance with the selected approaches is proposed. On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that the spatial development of individual centers of Russia is taking place with the spatial degradation of its most part, which significantly actualizes the question of the future of the Russian periphery and its impact on the spatial development of the country as a whole. Due to the weakness of its own potential, the Russian periphery cannot act as an independent attractor of socio-economic development and requires strengthening state regulation measures based on the competitive advantages of each territory.