Immunoistochemical and morphological study of periodont tissues when predicting the results of dental implantation in patients with chronic parodontitis

A morphological and immunohistochemical study of 24 gums biopsies was conducted in 19 patients aged 35-60 years with a diagnosis of partial secondary edentulous, chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate and severe degree (14 patients), and also without pathological changes in the periodontal disease (5 patients), who underwent dental implantation. Immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to Ki-67, VEGF, SMA were performed on serial paraffin sections. It has been established that chronic periodontitis is characterized by a higher proliferative activity of the epithelium, which reflects its hyperplastic changes, as well as a lower content of SMA positive cells and the practical absence of the formation of privascular couplings from SMA-positive cells that are associated in tissues with growth zones, which indirectly indicates reduced tissue regenerative capacity. Therefore, in the case of the operation of dental implantation requires additional treatment aimed at anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative effects.