RISK OF THROMBOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH GYNECOLOGICAL CANCERS OF VARYING EXTENT

The tumour process in the female reproductive organs is known as a trigger for the development of thromboembolic complications. Tumour growth, surgery, anticancer therapy, venous catheters and physical inactivity contribute to the risk of thrombosis. There are numerous instances when even under adequate thromboembolism prevention patient may develop deep vein thrombosis resulting in further thrombi migration throughout the body. Such migration can lead to lethal outcome and, unfortunately, nullifies all treatment measures carried out as well as results in significant economic losses. Viewing the problem in a whole requires constant monitoring of blood parameters in dynamics with the interpretation and evaluation of the findings obtained. The purpose of this study is to compare blood parameters of gynaecological patients with a tumour process in the reproductive organs, who are undergoing treatment, have already undergone surgery or have sought medical assistance for the first time. The study included 43 women, who were divided into groups: the control group involved 14 patients; 17 women with cervical cancer; 8 women with the uterine body cancer; 4 women with ovarian cancer. In all groups, except for the control group, the investigations were carried out before the beginning of treatment, during and after the treatment. The comparison of the blood indicators in the women during the treatment and in post-operative period following the tumour removal demonstrated insignificant changes in the indices of coagulation system, even when taking into account the measures to prevent thrombogenesis. After the counting, the indices confirmed their statistical significance. All women, except those in the control group, demonstrated an increase in the level of all blood parameters, which are responsible for the formation of blood clots and indicate hypercoagulation. We noticed that the risk of blood clots in the female patients with tumours of the reproductive organs remained high, regardless of the localization of the process and the methods of treatment. It is not known exactly to what extent blood count findings would have changed without prescribing thromboembolism prevention course for gynaecological cancerous patients. This study has shown the risk of thrombus formation in gynaecological oncology always remains high. The activation of the blood coagulation system occurs in all patients with cancerous diseases of the female reproductive organs of different localization. Surgical intervention or the anticancer therapy stimulates the blood coagulation function, and preventive treatment with pharmacological and mechanical methods does not make it possible to control these indicators in the first days after the operation. The patients with tumours of the female reproductive organs should be included in the group of patients with a high risk of thromboembolic complications.