EFFECT OF SARS-COV-2 ON PREGNANCY AND FETUS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Aim of the study: analysis of modern medical literature on risk factors for the pathological condition of the fetus in women who had COVID-19 during pregnancy. The authors analyzed the scientific medical literature on the study of the impact of COVID-19 infection on the course and complications of pregnancy and the condition of the fetus. The characteristics of the possible risks of a number of adverse consequences for the mother and child due to the postponed COVID-19 disease are given. In Ukraine, studies of genetic and demographic processes, which were carried out in recent years, have shown that the demographic crisis that is observed in the country is socially determined, significantly deepening due to reproductive losses, which is manifested in an increase in the frequency of lost pregnancies and the birth of inferior offspring in women with pathology of the reproductive system. The low level of reproductive health is largely due to the high level of perinatal losses. In Ukraine, the rate of perinatal and child mortality exceeds the data of European countries. Under these conditions, reducing perinatal mortality, preserving the life and health of newborns is a necessary condition for the demographic development of Ukraine and a factor of national security. COVID-19, a disease caused by Coronavirus 2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly around the world. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization has designated the outbreak as a pandemic. Because pregnant women are at greater risk of complications and severe disease, they have been identified as “vulnerable groups”. Changes in the mother's immune system during pregnancy can influence the response to infections, particularly viruses. Pregnant women with COVID-19 may have risk factors for thrombosis, and the adaptation of the mother's vessels during pregnancy is critical for certain periods of pregnancy. The role of the placenta in COVID-19 infection is currently not well-researched. A number of potential mechanisms may be involved in the vertical transmission of viruses from the mother to the trophoblast. Scientists are conducting research on the likelihood of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in utero or during childbirth. The unintended consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic threaten the health of pregnant women. It is likely that the consequences of COVID-19 will be evident in the future for a number of years. Epidemiological information is critical for identifying differential responses of the population and analyzing data on the impact of COVID-19 in socio-economic and ethnic groups. In summary, it will be important to evaluate population-level data from these results to determine trends associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.