Open AccessTHE EFFECT OF CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA ON THE STATE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Author(s) -
Alina Ponyrko
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
aktualʹnì problemi sučasnoï medicini: vìsnik ukraïnsʹkoï medičnoï stomatologìčnoï akademì
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2077-1126
pISSN - 2077-1096
DOI - 10.31718/2077-1096.21.1.184
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetes mellitus , osteopenia , osteoporosis , endocrinology , disease , metabolic disorder , pathological , population , insulin , bone remodeling , physiology , bone mineral , environmental health
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that today has become a threatening problem for human health. Its prevalence has been constantly increasing throughout the world over the past decades. Diabetes mellitus is regarded as an incurable metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which is caused by defects in insulin secretion. This disease annually affects almost 3% of the total population of the planet. Chronic hyperglycemia causes dysfunction of various organs of the body, such as the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves. The most common complications of diabetes include lesions of the vessels of the eye, kidneys, lower limbs and nervous system. A high level of glucose in the blood causes the development of a wide range of pathological disorders, which affect bones as well. Recent studies have shown that diseases of the skeletal system are often observed in diabetes mellitus. Speaking about the effect of hyperglycemia on bones, the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis should be noted. In this regard, an important area of research is to study changes in the bone tissue in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms that lead to disruption of bone structure and metabolism. The article highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperglycemia action in type 1 diabetes that explains complex disorders of the organs of the musculoskeletal system. The detrimental effect of hyperglycemia results in marked degenerative changes in bone cells. The pathogenic effect of hyperglycemia on bone tissue is manifested in a decrease in bone mineral density that is due to the lack of insulin and, as a consequence, significant metabolic disorders, a decrease in bone mass, inhibition of bone tissue formation, a significant decrease in the trace element composition of bone. The combination of these factors creates the appropriate pathomorphological basis for the development of diabetic osteopathy. The article highlights the mechanism of action of hyperglycemia on skeletal system in order to stimulate to a more detailed investigation of diabetes mellitus in experimental animals.