FREE RADICAL LIPID OXIDATION AS A LEADING MECHANISM IN DEVELPOING PERIODONTITIS

Generalized periodontitis is a disease, which occurrence rate increases with age and manifests as a destructive inflammatory process based on the complex biochemical and pathophysiological changes. Active resorption of the alveolar ridge is influenced by both local factors and the overall body condition and systemic diseases. Development of generalized periodontitis is associated with loss of skeletal bone mass and characterized by predominance of resorption over osteosynthesis. Key moments in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases are impairment of the dynamic balance of the prooxidate-antioxidant system that leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and toxic metabolites. Along with the general mechanisms, local factors are involved into the pathogenesis of periodontitis. As a result of the "respiratory burst" of neutrophils, there is an effect of enzymatic lipid peroxidation burst with the following formation of superoxide anion radical and eicosanoids, damage to periodontal structures, immunological disorders. Generalized periodontitis is a polyetiological disease associated with the pathology of internal organs. The mechanisms of inflammatory and destructive periodontal lesions are mediated by genetic and local factors, chronic concomitant pathology, free radical aggression, and secondary immunodeficiency states. In the mechanism of local destruction of periodontal tissues, an important role is played by periodontopathogenic microflora, which triggers reactions accompanied by intensification of the processes of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins of cell membrane structures.