Open AccessCovid-19 and corporate tax avoidance: Measuring long-run tax burdens as an alternative bailout test
Author(s) -
Subagio Efendi
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
kajian ilmiah ekonomi dan keuangan/kek (kajian ekonomi dan keuangan)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2540-9999
pISSN - 1410-3249
DOI - 10.31685/kek.v4i3.888
Subject(s) - tax avoidance , corporate tax , monetary economics , economics , indirect tax , cash , business , tax reform , econometrics , public economics , finance
This study fills the gap in the tax authority’s Covid-19 financial aid verifications by examining, and nominating, Long-run ETR (Dyreng et al., 2008) as the better corporate tax avoidance measure in excluding tax evader firms from the broad stimulus programs. Analysing confidential tax returns of 4,752 largest firms (32,120 firm-years) in Indonesia over 2009 to 2017 periods, this study found 18.12 percent of total sample firms is able to retain its Long-run ETR below 10 percent, which indicates continual tax avoidance activities by these firms during observation periods. Moreover, applying univariate and multivariate Ordinary Least Squares and Panel Data estimations, this study reveals, relative to other tax avoidance measures, Lagged Cash ETR (Lisowsky, 2010; Lisowsky et al., 2013) present the most consistent reliability in predicting long-run income tax burdens. Thus, this study asserts, in the conditions of computing Long-run ETR is costly and impractical (i.e. because of data unavailability), tax authority and policymakers can directly analyse firms’ Lagged Cash ETR to gauge their long-run income tax burdens and tax compliance behaviours prior the economic downturn.Â