APPLICATION OF ANNUAL AND PERENNIAL AGRICULTURAL PHYTOCENOSES OF FORAGES IN FIELD FORAGE PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTH OF MIDDLE SIBERIA

The authors found out that 51.9% of the crop areas are fodder crops, of which 60.3% are perennial grasses, generally older than 6 years of use, 32.6% are annual grasses and 3.9% are maize. The authors used many-years indicators of 2012-2017. Animal husbandry in Khakassia is the main branch of agricultural production, related to creation of a complete feeding basis. The cattle diet contains concentrated and bulky feedstuffs, which energy density should be at least 10 MJ of volume energy (0.80 k. units) in 1 kg of dry substance with crude protein over 14%. According to nutritive and energy value, the crude protein content in hay is 7.65-8.34%, while the available energy is 7.4-8.65 MJ. These parameters correspond to the third class of quality. The climate conditions of Khakassia, the breaches in cultivation technologies, and fodder preparation caused forage low quality and nutritional status. Forage production intensification assumes expansion of species and varieties of perennial and annual agricultural phytocenoses by means of wheatgrass Abakan, Chulymsky; Taskhyl 3 sainfoin; Abakanskaya 3 alfalfa; Stepnyak 1 mound; Abakanskoe kormovoe smut, Sudan grass Tashebinskaya, Turan 2 and Rosinka, that have high biological plasticity, green mass yield and appropriate parameters of nutritive value; improvement of the structure and increase of perennial legumes sowings up to 20 - 25, Sudan grass and smut to 8 - 10%; use of mixed sowings of annual herbs on the basis of legumes. For instance, feed mixtures of Sudan grass and Viki, Sudan grass and fodder beans provide dry substance yield up to 34 - 39 c/ha with digestible protein of 3.0 - 2.0 c/ha.