Peculiarities of studying the gene pool and breeding of triticale in the Central region of the non-chernozem zone

The article considers the results of experiments on the study and selection of sources of valuable features from the world collection. The aim of the research is to create new varieties of winter triticale with high features of productivity (over 12 t/ha) and grain quality in comparison with the Victor and Hermes standards. Special attention in the experiments is paid to the search for genotypes that are promising for use in breeding programs for different types of crossing, obtaining hybrid populations, identifying forms, lines with a complex of economically useful features. Breeders of Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” for a number of years received varieties of winter triticale, competitive in Russia and abroad, able to form a crop of more than 10 t\ha of quality grain. However, their disadvantages are tallness, susceptibility to dangerous diseases (snow mold, septoriosis), and significant variability in grain harvest over the years (2.9). The authors have identified sources of economic and valuable features from the collection of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. This includes the winter-hardy variety Tsekad 90, drought-resistant Doctrina 110, short-stemmed Legion, Kentavr, yielding large-grain Efremovskaya, etc., successfully used in breeding. Highly productive lines have been created (No.6 408-19-71, No.618-176, No.878-1-25, No.690-1-19) and varieties (Gera, Kapella, Arktur) with a fixed grain harvest of more than 10t\ ha, adaptive to the natural conditions of the non-Chernozem zone and the middle Volga region.