Open AccessIntestinal Organoids Generated from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Author(s) -
Satoru Tsuruta,
Hajime Uchida,
Hidenori Akutsu
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
jma journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2433-3298
pISSN - 2433-328X
DOI - 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0027
Subject(s) - organoid , induced pluripotent stem cell , embryonic stem cell , stem cell , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , germ layer , regenerative medicine , mesenchymal stem cell , gastrointestinal epithelium , intestinal epithelium , adult stem cell , epithelium , genetics , gene
The gastrointestinal system is one of the most complex organ systems in the human body, and consists of numerous cell types originating from three germ layers. To understand intestinal development and homeostasis and elucidate the pathogenesis of intestinal disorders, including unidentified diseases, several in vitro models have been developed. Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have remarkable developmental plasticity and possess the potential for a wide variety of applications. Three-dimensional organs, termed organoids and produced in vitro by PSCs, contain not only epithelium but also mesenchymal tissue and partially recapitulate intestinal functions. Such intestinal organoids have begun to be applied in disease models and drug development and have contributed to a detailed analysis of molecular interactions and findings in the synergistic development of biomedicine for human digestive organs. In this review, we describe gastrointestinal organoid technology derived from PSCs and consider its potential applications.