Przestępstwa przeciwko środowisku w Polsce i Rosji – problemy prawa, ścigania i dowodzenia

Criminal prosecution in the environmental criminal cases is typically associates with numerous challenges. Above all, the imperfection of the construction of legal norms providing for criminal responsibility makes them difficult to prosecute and to proof. Another factor is the specificity of the environment itself. The dynamics of its elements, as well as the dependence of their condition on many, not always transparent, easy to determine factors affects the accuracy of damage assessment and makes it extremely difficult to establish cause-and-effect relationships. The high dependency on expert opinions should be noted as well. There are issues related to the lack of standardized expert’s methodology, commonly accepted scientific guidelines, the credibility of the opinions presented by the private experts in the field. The article discusses current challenges related to the environmental criminal responsibility in Poland and Russia.