Open AccessPORWANIE LUB PRZETRZYMYWANIE DLA OKUPU WEDŁUG KODEKSU KANONÓW KOŚCIOŁÓW WSCHODNICH Z 1990 ROKU
Author(s) -
Olga Arent
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
civitas et lex
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2449-5522
pISSN - 2392-0300
DOI - 10.31648/cetl.2026
Subject(s) - law , ransom , sanctions , jurisdiction , penal code , aside , code (set theory) , criminal code , canon law , order (exchange) , political science , criminal law , philosophy , business , computer science , linguistics , set (abstract data type) , finance , programming language
Subject of this article is the legal research on crime of kidnapping or hostage- keeping forransom in jurisdiction of Code of Canons of Oriental Churches. Dogmatic and legal analysis ofnorms of the present code shows that can. 1445 and can. 1451 CCEO of 1990, alike can. 1370and can. 1397 Code of Canon Law (CIC of 1983), provide the possibility to punish perpetratorsof kidnapping or hostage – keeping for ransom of cleric persons, as well as any other person.Regarding this crime, penal sanctions upon CCEO of 1990 are heavier than these, which can beordered based on CIC of 1983.Aside from mentioned offences, Canon Law of Oriental Churches penalizes physical or psychicaltortures, so offender who kidnap or keep hostages with tortures will be liable for this crime.According to Canon Code of Oriental Churches, solely the court can order penalties, so likewisein polish penal law. However, due to specific ecclesiastic community, the nature of penal sanctionsis spiritual.