Different Technologies for Obtaining Pneumococcal Immunogens

Relevance.Theworldwideuseofpneumococcalvaccines,inparticularconjugatedvaccines(PCV),hasledtoa significant reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases in both vaccinated children and unvaccinated people of all ages. However, "non-vaccine" serotypes and capsule-free (non-typed) strains have become the main causes of pneumococcal disease, as with carriage, with an increase in antibiotic resistance. This requires new approaches in the development of vaccines that can lead to serotype-independent protection, especially in children, the elderly and immunocompromised people. The pneumococcal vaccine should protect against a wide range of serotypes, induce mucosal and systemic immunity, and reduce primary nasal colonization, as well as invasive forms.Aim.Thereviewisdevotedtotheanalysisofexperimentaldevelopmentofinnovativevaccinesbasedonprotectiveproteinantigens(PPV),includingincombinationwithcapsularpolysaccharides,usingadjuvantsorantigendeliverysystems,aswellasinactivatedwholecellpreparations(WCV)andliveattenuatedvaccines.Particularattentionispaidtothemethodsofmucosalimmunization,takingintoaccountthetropismofpneumococcusinrelationtothemucousmembranesoftheupperandlowerrespiratorytract.Conclusion.Atthisstage,themostdevelopedandpromisingaredrugsbasedonbacteriallysates(PWCV)andprotectiveproteinantigens(PspA,dPly),aswellastheseantigensmixedwithadjuvants,and,possibly,withsomeetiologicallymostsignificantcapsularpolysaccharides.