Quantitative determination of HbA2 level in β-thalassemia trait by using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis in Balochistan; A comparative study

In Pakistan, β-thalassemia is considered as one of most typical genetic abnormality. Different countries like Itlay, France, and Greece have recognised thalassemia as preventive disorder of society. In Pakistan, since 1994 different efforts were made to control thalassemic epidemic. Inspite of this, there is no significant decline in occurrence of childbirth with transfusion dependent β-thalassemia incidents. In order to obtain fruitful results of general thalassemia eradication program nation wide,  it is vital to evaluate β-thalassemia trait (BTT) by specific, low price, and accurate mechanism of diagnosis. So, this current research was carried out to decide the levels of HbA2 in samples by the use of Capillary Zone Electrophore and Cellulose Acetate Hemoglobin Electrophoresis. This comparative research was done in the four groups:  i) Normal Individual having no sign or symptom of thalassemia ii) Patients having BTT i.e b-thalassemia trait iii) Patients having IDA i.e Iron Deficiency Anemia   iv) Parents of β-thalassemia major child with iron deficiency anemia (BTT and IDA). It means that both parents are carrier of β-thalassemia not diagnosed yet. The level of HbA2 were estimated by the Cellulose Acetate Hemoglobin Electrophoresis and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis independently and then compared to design established results. Result: Both these methods have found to be correct for the patients having b-thalassemia trait (BTT) but in combined condition, cases of b-thalassemia trait (BTT) were failed to be analyzed by both these systems. Conclusion: As this technique is very easy, easily reachable and affordable. So, it is highly recommended for the diagnosis in the poor province like Balochistan in Pakistan. In thalassemia prevention, it plays a vital role.