LAWS OF THINKING AS A SUBJECT OF RESEARCH IN THE HERITAGE OF PROFESSORS OF THEOLOGICAL-ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHY OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES

The article is devoted to studying the logical and epistemological issues, in particular the laws of thinking in the creative heritage of the representatives of Kyiv theological-academic philosophy of the XIX century, such as V. Karpov, J. Mikhnevych, O. Novytsky, P. Linytsky. The central problem of the article is the theoretical search for ideological origins of understanding the essence, place and significance of the laws of thinking in human cognitive activity. The authors of the article focus on studying the creative heritage only of those personalities who had their own textbooks on logic, although the lectures were delivered without exception by all professors of philosophy of the KTA. This approach to the problem is associated with a number of difficulties, because in the textbooks it was difficult to find the thinker's own position on a particular problem. Despite this, the positions of professors differ significantly from each other. And we tried to prove it. The aim of the study was to clarify the ideological coincidence and at the same time fundamental differences of the main statements on understanding the essence, place and significance of the laws of thinking in human cognitive activity in the creative heritage of professors of the Kyiv Theological Academy. This goal was realized in the following tasks. to analyze the main ideas of works on the logic by K. Karpov, J. Mikhnevych, O. Novytsky, P. Linytsky and to reveal their worldview preferences; find ideological coincidences among the main statements of their theoretical preferences; to substantiate the fact of the influence of the Western European philosophical tradition on the philosophers of the Kyiv school of theological-academic philosophy of the XIX – early XX centuries