Open AccessEconomic efficiency of using crop residue destructors when growing sunflower with different methods of soil tillage
Author(s) -
V. Maliarchuk,
E. Fedorchuk,
Е. Лилевман
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
tehnìko-tehnologìčnì aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannâ novoï tehnìki ì tehnologìj dlâ sìlʹsʹkogo gospodarstva ukraïni
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2617-3778
pISSN - 2305-5987
DOI - 10.31473/2305-5987-2020-2-27(41)-18
Subject(s) - plough , tillage , environmental science , agronomy , straw , sunflower , crop residue , crop yield , crop rotation , seedbed , crop , agricultural engineering , mathematics , agriculture , engineering , sowing , geography , biology , archaeology
The article analyzes the influence of the processes of decomposition of winter wheat straw under the influence of destructors, which are embedded in the soil with implements with different designs of working organs, in the grain-crop rotation of the research field of the South Ukrainian Branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT on productive indicators of production activity, such as the yield of sunflower seeds, the production cost of the resulting products and the profitability of production. The goal of the research is forming and determination of the optimal economically effective system of technical and technological support of farms, when using winter wheat straw for fertilization with its preliminary processing with destructors, which helps to reduce the technogenic load, increase the productivity of the crop production industry and preserve soil fertility in crop rotations on the irrigated lands of south of Ukraine. Research methods – field, quantitative-weight, visual, laboratory and mathematical-statistical. In the crop rotation investigated five systems of basic tillage different in methods, techniques and depth of soil loosening on a background of straw treatment with destructors. Results: it has been established that when growing sunflower in the arid conditions of the southern part of the steppe zone of Ukraine on non-irrigated lands, it is advisable to use winter crop residues for fertilizing, treat it with destructors in combination with ammonium nitrate and plant it in the soil using deep plowing, which creates favorable conditions for its decomposition and formation of seed productivity at the level of 2.58 t/ha. Conclusions: it has been established that the economic effect of the use of destructors with plowing on the 30-32 cm and moldless loosening on the 40-42 cm is several times higher than the additional costs of introducing a destructor and ammonium nitrate. Plowless and shallow tillage and sowing in pre-uncultivated soil proved to be ineffective in an arid Southern climate on non-irrigated lands with a low moisture coefficient, even when treatment with destructors, as a result of which additional costs were received from UAH 0.16 for each hryvnia up to UAH 1.63 loss.