Open AccessRefined strength prediction of concrete 2D bottle-shaped struts
Author(s) -
Abdelrazek E. Ebrahim,
Omar Elmeligy,
Salah El-Din E. El-Metwally,
Mashhour A. Ghoneim,
Hamed S. Askar
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of structural engineering and applied mechanics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2630-5763
DOI - 10.31462/jseam.2020.04111125
Subject(s) - structural engineering , reinforcement , bottle , finite element method , transverse plane , nonlinear system , engineering , materials science , computer science , composite material , physics , quantum mechanics
For better strength prediction using strut-and-tie models (STM), it is essential to use reliable strength parameters of the model components; e.g., struts, ties, and nodes. Among all the elements of the STM, the strength of the bottle-shaped struts is not well quantified. The purpose of this study is to develop more accurate formulas for the calculation of the effectiveness factors for 2D bottle-shaped struts, that are unreinforced, reinforced with minimum reinforcement, and reinforced with sufficient transverse reinforcement. The nonlinear finite element analysis, with the aid of the software ABAQUS, has been utilized in this study, which has been verified against experimental tests. The study has been carried out for grades of concrete varying from 20 to 100MPa, and for bearing plate to width ratio varying from 0.1 to 0.9. The obtained formulas for the effectiveness factors of bottle-shaped struts are functions of the concrete strength, which is not the case with the ACI 318-19 provisions. These formulas have been verified against experimental tests and have been compared with the ACI 318-19 provisions. The predictions based on these formulas are more accurate than those based on the ACI 318-19 provisions. Also, the results from these formulas are always on the safe side. On the other hand, the ACI 318-19 provisions lead to unsafe results in the case of high-strength concrete and very conservative results for the case of unreinforced struts from normal-strength concrete.