MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF A SINGLE KIDNEY REMAINING AFTER CONTRALATERAL NEPHRECTOMY (LITERATURE REVIEW AND OWN RESEARCH)

The study of the structural and functional basis of compensatory and adaptive processes in the kidneys is one of the fundamental problems of biology and medicine. The purpose of the work: to highlight modern views on the question of compensation of structure and function in the loss of one kidney. There is a discussion about the mechanisms and patterns of development of compensatory processes in the surgical removal of one kidney, as well as at the birth of a child with kidney agenesis in the scientific literature. Previously, it was believed that the kidney, after it was formed and grown, does not regenerate and is a static organ, and the replacement of dead cells occurs only by increasing other cells in size. As scientists have now found out that not only stem cells of the kidneys, but also ordinary cells of the epithelium and other renal tissues are able to divide. The kidney is restored throughout human life. Also, authors' own research concerning changes of topographic anatomy of the kidney after radical nephrectomies of the contralateral kidney is given in the article. With the help of mathematical modelling, it is proved that with increasing the mass of the kidney, provided that the width, length and thickness of the kidney increases proportionally, the movement of the kidney is due to its rotation in the plane of material symmetry in a clockwise direction. The characteristics of the position of a single kidney, after contralateral nephrectomy, in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal planes in patients of various somatotypes based on magnetic resonance imaging, are presented.