Anatomo-functional characteristics of the pelvic organs in women with habitual miscarriage and chronic endometritis

Chronic endometritis is a clinical and morphological syndrome, which under the influence of an infectious agent contributes to the violation of cyclic biotransformation and reciprocity of the endometrium. In the diagnosis of gynecological pathology, in particular chronic endometritis, or habitual miscarriage on the background of chronic endometritis, ultrasonography is a mandatory, non-invasive and highly specific method of research. The aim of the study was to assess the anatomical and functional condition of the pelvic organs in women with habitual miscarriage and chronic endometritis using ultrasound (ultrasound and Doppler) criteria. We examined 98 women of childbearing age who applied to the Inomed clinic in the city of Vinnytsia during 2019-2020. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group – 68 women with habitual miscarriage and chronic endometritis; control group – 30 re-pregnant women without previous pregnancy loss. Initially, ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the pelvic organs was performed on day 5-7 of the menstrual cycle, and to monitor folliculogenesis, the study was repeated on day 13-17 of the cycle. One of the main signs of chronic endometritis is the heterogeneity of the structure of the endometrium, which was found in the vast majority of examined patients of the main group (80.88% at n=68). When determining the thickness of the endometrium, two diametrically opposite processes were established, namely: atrophy (39.71% at n=68) and atypical glandular hyperplasia (22.05% at n=68). In the second half of the menstrual cycle there was a significant thinning of the endometrial layer <0.6 cm. In the control group during the ultrasound examination revealed the following disorders: increased uterine peristalsis, dilation of the arcuate plexus, the heterogeneity of the subendometrial layer, and when re-ultrasound took into account the data of folliculogenesis. Follicular cysts were detected in 10.3% of cases in the main group and 3.3% in the control group of women. At the time of re-ultrasound in each ovary was observed 5-8 antral follicles (the size of which ranged from 6.8 mm to 11.5 mm) with the presence of one dominant, the size of which ranged from 18.2 to 23.4 mm. In order to increase the informativeness of ultrasound, Doppler was additionally performed. Thus, ultrasonography is a highly specific method for determining the anatomical and functional characteristics of the pelvic organs, in particular the pathology of the endometrium in women with habitual miscarriage. The main ultrasound characteristics of chronic endometritis, as one of the causes of reproductive losses, are changes in endometrium structure, thickness, the presence of additional structures (polyps) and fluid component. Informativeness of ultrasound examination of structural changes in the endometrium in chronic endometritis is complemented by Doppler characteristics of blood flow in the basal and spiral arteries of the uterus.