Open AccessRegulation of Appetite and Satiety by Gastrointestinal Peptides
Author(s) -
Sarah H. Mhaibes,
Najwan K. Fakree,
Sonia I. Naser
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
al-maǧallaẗ al-’irāqiyyaẗ li-l-’ulūm al-ṣaydalāniyyaẗ/iraqi journal of pharmaceutical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.122
H-Index - 1
eISSN - 2521-3512
pISSN - 1683-3597
DOI - 10.31351/vol30iss1pp14-21
Subject(s) - orexigenic , ghrelin , peptide yy , appetite , cholecystokinin , enteroendocrine cell , hypothalamus , energy homeostasis , hormone , central nervous system , medicine , endocrinology , gastrointestinal tract , gut–brain axis , glucagon like peptide 1 , obesity , biology , neuroscience , neuropeptide , endocrine system , neuropeptide y receptor , diabetes mellitus , receptor , type 2 diabetes , disease
In recent decades, global obesity has increased significantly, causing a major health problem with associated complications and major socioeconomic issues. The central nervous system (CNS), particularly the hypothalamus, regulates food intake through sensing the metabolic signals of peripheral organs and modulating feeding behaviors. The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions such as the brain stem to perform these vital functions. The gut plays a crucial role in controlling food consumption and energy homeostasis. The gut releases orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones that interact directly with the CNS or indirectly through vagal afferent neurons. Gastrointestinal peptides (GIP) including cholecystokinin, peptide YY, Nesfatin-1, glucagon-like peptide 1, and oxyntomodulin send satiety signals to the brain and ghrelin transmit hunger signals to the brain. The GIP is essential for the control of food consumption; thus, explain the link between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the brain is important for managing obesity and its associated diseases. This review aimed to explain the role of gut peptides in satiety and hunger control.