Open AccessThe structure of cosmic strings of a U(1) gauge field for the conservation of B - L
Author(s) -
Victor Muñoz-Vitelly,
José Antonio García-Hernández,
Wolfgang Bietenholz
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
suplemento de la revista mexicana de física
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2683-2585
DOI - 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.020713
Subject(s) - physics , standard model (mathematical formulation) , particle physics , cosmic string , baryon number , higgs boson , lepton number , higgs field , gauge theory , anomaly (physics) , field (mathematics) , lepton , string (physics) , gauge (firearms) , theoretical physics , baryon , quantum mechanics , electron , mathematics , archaeology , pure mathematics , history
We consider an extension of the Standard Model, where the difference between the baryon number $B$ and the lepton number $L$ is gauged with an Abelian gauge field, in order to explain the exact conservation of $B-L$. To avoid a gauge anomaly, we add a right-handed neutrino $\nu_{\rm R}$ to each fermion generation. Here it is not sterile, so the usual Majorana term is excluded by gauge invariance. We provide a mass term for $\nu_{\rm R}$ by adding a non-standard 1-component Higgs field, thus arriving at a consistent extension of the Standard Model, where the conservation of $B-L$ is natural, with a modest number of additional fields. We study the possible formation of cosmic strings by solving the coupled field equations of the two Higgs fields and the non-standard U(1) gauge field. Numerical methods provide the correspondingstring profiles, depending on the Higgs winding numbers, such that the appropriate boundary conditions in the string center and far from it are fulfilled.