Open AccessUnia Europejska w świecie: soft power, hard power czy może smart power?
Author(s) -
Sławomir Niedźwiecki
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
przegląd europejski
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2657-6023
pISSN - 1641-2478
DOI - 10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.17.4
Subject(s) - soft power , hard power , european union , smart power , context (archaeology) , power (physics) , work (physics) , foreign policy , political science , business , international trade , engineering , mechanical engineering , politics , law , geography , physics , quantum mechanics , archaeology
The main purpose of the article is to ask whether the European Union is a smart power actor. Most of the previous research has treated the EU as a soft power. This work is an analysis of the tools which the European Union uses in its foreign policy. Research has been conducted in the context of types of powers, which have been formulated by Joseph Nye: hard power, soft power and smart power. It was necessary to survey what instruments does the European Union use to have impact on other participants of international relations. Nowadays, a range of these tools is relatively developed, taking into account that the EU is an international organisation. In the conclusion, it is stated that the contemporary European Union should be treated as a soft power, but simultaneously it is an actor which attempts to become a smart power, and has relevant predispositions to it.