HEMOPTYSIS: HOW TO MANAGE ?

Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood coming from tracheobronchial tree or pulmonary parenchyma. It is one important symptom which brings the patient to a doctor quickly as it frightens the patient and his family very much. It may be streaky or massive ( more than 600ml in 24 hrs ) which can be dangerous to life. Pulmonary tuberculosis remains number one  cause  of hemoptysis in  developing countries. CT Scan chest and bronchoscopy  can give  most of information in these patients. Massive hemoptysis is life threatening and requires prompt treatment. Number of endobronchial techniques like ice cold saline lavage, balloon tamponade and bronchial artery embolization have been devised to temporarily control hemoptysis. Surgery remains the treatment of choice and pulmonary resection has been the most effective method for control of massive hemoptysis and prevention of recurrent hemoptysis in majority of  patients. Surgical rather than medical  methods reduce  patient's  mortality  rates  due to  massivehemoptysis. Newer technique of physiological lung exclusion2   has given  much better results than standard lungresection for hemoptysis with minimal mortality and morbidity.