Open AccessAnomalous Cognition
Author(s) -
Patrizio Tressoldi,
Lance Storm
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of anomalous experience and cognition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2004-1977
pISSN - 2004-1969
DOI - 10.31156/jaex.23206
Subject(s) - cognition , consciousness , psychology , cognitive psychology , relation (database) , cognitive science , neuroscience , computer science , database
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the results of all meta-analyses on anomalous cognition conducted between 1989 and 2021 in order to find moderators associated with greater effect sizes. Method: We included all meta-analyses of studies related to anomalous cognition published up to 2021. Results: Our dataset, accumulated over more than 80 years of investigation, refers to 11 meta-analyses related to six different states of consciousness. The evidence clearly shows that anomalous cognition seems possible and its effects can be enhanced by using a combination of some non-ordinary or altered states of consciousness (e.g., dreaming, ganzfeld, etc.), coupled with free-response procedures, or neurophysiological dependent variables. These conditions facilitate an alternative form of cognition seemingly unconstrained by the known biological characteristics of the sense organs and the brain. Conclusion: The accumulated evidence expands our understanding of the mind-brain relation and the nature of the human mind.