Gonadal Steroids, Gonadotropins and Endometrial Histology in Postmenopausal Women with Malignant Ovarian Tumors

The concentrations of FSH, LH, 17‐β‐estradiol (E 2 ), estrone (E 1 ) and progesterone (P) were measured in peripheral and ovarian vein sera obtained at preoperative pelvic angiography from 5 postmenopausal women with malignant ovarian tumors. In 5 others the concentrations of E 2 , P and testosterone (T) were also measured in ascitic fluid collected at laparotomy. The investigation showed that most of these patients had increased concentrations of E 2 and/or E 1 and P as well in the peripheral blood. Significant gradients between the ovarian and peripheral vein concentrations were found for E 2 and for P. High levels of E 2 , P and T were found in the ascitic fluid. FSH and LH levels were often lowered in peripheral blood compared with normal menopausal values and a gradient to ovarian tumor venous blood – with lower concentrations in the blood coming from the tumors, was found. Endometrial histology showed signs of steroid stimulation. These cases indicate that malignant ovarian tumors and/or the ovaries harboring them, are often capable of producing different sex steroids. These steroids may be found in the peripheral blood and in the ascitic fluid compartment and therefore may be used as tumor markers. The steroid production is probably not autonomous, but gonadotropin‐dependent.