Open AccessAccurate and early detection of sleepiness, fatigue and stress levels in drivers through Heart Rate Variability parameters: a systematic review
Author(s) -
Alexandru Burlacu,
Crischentian Brinza,
Adrian Brezulianu,
Adrian Covic
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
reviews in cardiovascular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.555
H-Index - 39
eISSN - 2153-8174
pISSN - 1530-6550
DOI - 10.31083/j.rcm2203090
Subject(s) - heart rate variability , medicine , confounding , meta analysis , vigilance (psychology) , physical medicine and rehabilitation , physical therapy , audiology , heart rate , psychology , cognitive psychology , blood pressure
Sleepiness, fatigue, and stress in drivers are the leading causes of car crashes. In the late two decades, there is an endeavor to monitor vital signs, stress levels, and fatigue using adapted sensors supported by technological advances. To the best of our knowledge, this systematic review is the first to investigate the role of HRV measurement for sleepiness, fatigue, and stress level monitoring in car drivers. A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases using prespecified keywords. Studies were considered for inclusion if they reported original data regarding the association between different HRV measurements and drivers' sleepiness, fatigue, or stress levels. Of the retrieved 749 citations, 19 studies were finally included. The sensibility and specificity of HRV significantly varied across studies, respectively 47.1%-95% and 74.6%-98%. Accuracy was also different, ranging from 56.6% to 95%. Nevertheless, in real-world conditions, confounding factors could affect sympathovagal tone and HRV. Multiple HRV parameters measurement rather than one parameter approach seems to be the optimal strategy for evaluating the vigilance state in drivers that it would be possible to achieve a good performance. As all studies were observational, data should be confirmed in randomized controlled trials. In conclusion, HRV represents a potentially valuable marker for sleepiness, fatigue, and stress monitoring in car drivers. HRV measurements could be implemented in future clinical models and sensors to detect early sleepiness and fatigue and prevent car crashes. More studies with larger populations are needed to support this evidence.