Open AccessThe Creation of FRONTEX and the Politics of Institutionalisation in the EU External Borders Policy
Author(s) -
Sarah Léonard
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of contemporary european research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.299
H-Index - 15
ISSN - 1815-347X
DOI - 10.30950/jcer.v5i3.239
Subject(s) - institutionalisation , agency (philosophy) , politics , context (archaeology) , political science , work (physics) , securitization , process (computing) , control (management) , member states , public administration , political economy , european union , sociology , law , business , international trade , economics , management , social science , mechanical engineering , paleontology , computer science , biology , financial system , engineering , operating system
In a context of high politicization, if not securitization, of asylum and migration in Europe, the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the EU – also known under its acronym FRONTEX – was created in 2004. Its activities have drawn a significant amount of attention and have been heavily criticised by human rights and pro-migrant groups. In contrast with most of the literature on FRONTEX, which focuses on its activities, this article examines the institutional issues associated with the creation and the work of FRONTEX, that is, the reasons for which Member States chose to create an agency, rather than establish another form of cooperation, and the specific mechanisms that they have put in place to exercise control over the activities of the Agency. The article, which is theoretically informed by the literature on European agencies, unveils a complex institutionalisation process, characterised by the existence of various models for increased cooperation and political struggles amongst the actors involved in the policy-making process.