Models of Organisation of Combined (Mixed-Mode) Passenger Transportation

The article examines business models for mixedmode (combined) passenger transportation and development of combined passenger transportation as a factor in the growth of capacity of the railway passenger transportation market. The crisis in the transport services market, caused by non-economic factors (COVID‑19 pandemic), is characterized by a classic combination of supply shocks and demand shocks for passenger transportation, which increases relevance of the problem of searching ways to rise the volume of passenger traffic, in particular, by rail, demand for services provided to the public using railway assets. The current approach to increasing the demand for railway passenger transportation by developing the railway route network, improving the equipment of railway stations and the quality of service, expanding the range of services offered, promoting everything that encourages the consumption of services by a larger number of customers, will remain important. Nevertheless, this approach should be critically considered and supplemented in the light of new economic trends motivated by digital technology. That is especially important today, when, in conditions of resource constraints, a strategic organisational solution is needed aimed at scaling a business, achieving an optimal «balance» of costs, quality, competencies, flexibility and customer focus. The organisation of combined passenger transportation involves active «horizontal» interaction of various transport organisations, both among themselves and with different cohorts of passengers with their own consumer preferences and income restrictions. Therefore, the transition from linear business processes built «vertically» to horizontal business processes that offer specialised packages of services through a «single window» system according to uniform standards based on digital technologies is relevant. The article proposes models for organising network interaction of participants in the passenger transportation market based on digital technologies to ensure «seamless» mobility of the population with the consolidating role of railway transport. Specific models for organising combined railway transportation should be based on a specific business model, the choice of which is determined by a strategic decision of the company.