Modern views on the prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in healthy pregnant women (Literature review)

This review article provides information on the role of different methods for pregnant women to prepare for childbirth according to the data regarding both foreign and domestic practices in obstetrics. The article highlights the issue of partner support starting from when pregnancy is established and gestation, through to childbirth and the postpartum period. According to the research, it is clear that the physiological course of the pregnancy directly depends on the psycho-emotional state of a pregnant woman, which impacts not only the course of pregnancy and childbirth, but also the condition of the fetus and newborn.The results of the research show that the method of psychophysiological preparation and partner support undoubtedly has a positive influence on the consequent childbirth: the duration of childbirth and the frequency of anomalies during maternity activity are reduced; surgery is performed less; the frequency of cervical and perineum ruptures, as well as the amount of blood loss, are decreased; intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia are less common; and the manifestation of obstetric aggression decreases. Furthermore, the technologies of prenatal preparation are aimed at the demedicalization of childbirth and the minimization of the use of pharmacological drugs which have an ambiguous influence on a parturient, a fetus and a newborn.Therefore, the data mentioned above reveal the role of prenatal preparation methods of married couples for childbirth not only in the reduction of obstetric and perinatal complications in relatively healthy, pregnant women, but also in the choice of anesthesia methods, taking safety and efficiency into account.Unfortunately, the decreased interest toward psychophysiological preparation for childbirth by pregnant women and their partners, as well as medical institutions in general, was revealed while studying the issue of preparation for childbirth.Consequently, prenatal preparation of married couples must be obligatory in the system of obstetric care in Ukraine at all medical levels.