Open AccessActualization of the role of Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in physiology and endocrine disorders
Author(s) -
Н. В. Шульпекова,
Zhanna Belaya,
Gagik R. Galstyan
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
kliničeskaâ medicina
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2412-1339
pISSN - 0023-2149
DOI - 10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-9-10-509-520
Subject(s) - medicine , cobalamin , atrophic gastritis , vitamin b12 , pernicious anemia , thyroid , polyneuropathy , vitamin d and neurology , endocrine system , methylcobalamin , endocrinology , malabsorption , intrinsic factor , diabetes mellitus , vitamin , physiology , anemia , gastritis , helicobacter pylori , hormone
Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) is a collective name for a group of water-soluble cobalt-containing biologically active compounds belonging to corrinoids. Vitamin B 12 is essential for hematopoiesis, the formation of epithelial tissue; as a coenzyme, it is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. Cobalamin defi ciency is associated with the development of anemia, polyneuropathy, and decreased cognitive function. Due to the nonspecifi city of symptoms and the possible development of severe and potentially irreversible complications, it is important to conduct timely screening among patients from risk groups. Among endocrine disorders, vitamin B 12 defi ciency is found in patients with diabetes mellitus, obesity and autoimmune thyroid disease mostly. In particular, metformin may cause a decrease in vitamin B 12 levels and polyneuropathy, which is diffi cult to diff erentiate from diabetic polyneuropathy. In patients with autoimmune thyroid lesions, other autoimmune diseases are often observed, atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia notably. Vitamin B 12 malabsorption can lead to defi ciency even when consumed adequately, which possibly explains the relatively high prevalence of B 12 defi ciency in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. This literature review summarizes recent advances on the role of vitamin B 12 metabolism, potential risk groups for vitamin B 12 defi ciency among common endocrine diseases, and the benefi t for its replacement with high-dose oral forms, cyanocobalamin 1 mg in particular