Open AccessProximate Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan
Author(s) -
Azra Aziz
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
pakistan development review
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.154
H-Index - 26
ISSN - 0030-9729
DOI - 10.30541/v33i4iipp.727-742
Subject(s) - fertility , total fertility rate , birth rate , population , demography , population growth , family planning , abortion , developing country , welfare , socioeconomics , geography , economics , biology , economic growth , research methodology , sociology , pregnancy , market economy , genetics
The fertility level is the phenomenon which is the majordeterminant of population growth. Various studies conducted since earlyseventies and to date reveal that total fertility rate in Pakistanranged between 6 to 5.4 and crude birth rate between 42 to 34[Population Planning Council of Pakistan (1976); Population WelfareDivision of Pakistan (1986); Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey(199O) and Population and Fertility Indicators (1993). The levels andtrends in fertility are influenced by various physiological, cultural,social, economic, behavioural, demographic and ecological factors. Buton the bases of empirical evidences Bongaarts argues that most of thevariation in fertility levels is attributed to the differential impactof four factors; namely marriage, contraceptive use, lactationalinfecundability, and induced abortion [Bongaarts (1978)].