CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Background: Atherosclerosis, with chief contribution of vascular injury,inflammation and oxidative stress is the major cause of majority of cardiovascular diseases.Understanding of its pathophysiology provides initial prognosis, designing of new therapeuticsfor its prevention and different treatment protocols. Objectives: The present study wasdesigned to evaluate the role of oxidative and inflammatory markers of medical importancein the development of cardiovascular diseases. Study Design: Prospective case controlstudy. Setting: Sample collection from Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore and allthe experimental work was done at Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB),The University of Lahore. Period: February 2015 to April 2016. Methodology: Biophysical,hematological, antioxidative capacity, inflammatory markers and lipid profile were estimatedin atherosclerotic patients. Results: The BMI (31.26±1.66) were significantly increased inatherosclerotic patients when were compared with controls. MDA was recorded as 3.99±0.16in atherosclerotic patients followed by 1.66±0.11 nmol/ml in healthy control respectively. Nitricoxide (NO) in the patients (35.26±4.26 ng/ml) was also significantly raised in the patientsthan normal subjects (21.26±2.35 ng/ml). Whereas mean serum levels of MPO and AGEsin patients were 0.237±.0013 pmol/ml and 2.46±0.09 U/ml respectively. Increased levels ofTCh (217.56±10.99, TG (199.67±11.02), and LDL (131.87±9.56) along with decrease in HDL33.76±3.85 mg/dl were recorded respectively. The hs-CRP showed significant increased levelsin atherosclerotic group (3.93±0.14mg/dl) as compared to normal control (1.68±0.06mg/L).The mean serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 in diseased group was recorded as 41.25±3.65pg/mland 6.35±0.64 pg/ml respectively. The significant decreasing trend of total anti-oxidant capacity,SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GRx, vitamin A and C but increasing drift of vitamin E was observed inatherosclerotic patients. Conclusion: Following study reported that elevated oxidative stressand inflammation along with lipid peroxidation are the major contributors in the progression ofatherosclerosis.