CANCER PROSTATE

Prostate specific antigen was identified and characterized first time in 1977. Thereis no doubt that the PSA has significant role in prostate cancer diagnosis with help of DigitalRectal Examination and biopsy. Study design: This study was designed to assess the level ofPSA in prostate cancer patients before and after the treatment given to patients. To determinethe specific and precise finding regarding the tumors stages, the cancer biomarkers are handyand helpful. For this purpose researchers monitor changes in the cell on chromosomal level bycomparing primary tumor with secondary tumor. The prostate-specific gene kallikrein 3 (KLK3),encodes PSA located on chromosome 19q13.4. KLK2 and KLK4 genes are also present herewhich are present in a family of fifteen closely related serine proteases. Setting: Allied Hospital,Faisalabad. Period: Jan 2014 to Dec 2014. Material and methods: We use the PSA (Human)CLIA Kit which is a solid phase two site immunoassay. One antibody was coated on the surfaceof the microtiter wells and another antibody (used as a tracer) was labeled with horseradishperoxidase. The PSA molecules present in the standard solution or serum were “sandwiched”between the two antibodies. Results: All prostate cancer patients had highly variable serumPSA values ranging from 12.90 ng/mL to 193.5 ng/mL. The post treatment PSA analysisrevealed that the increase level of PSA (15%) which showed that the PSA level increased afterthe treatment. Whereas in all other 17 patients the PSA level was found to decreased. Our studyalso shows that sometime PSA level is increased by non-cancer associated benign prostatichyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, medications and environment and diet alterations. Conclusions:This study indicated that PSA serum level has a useful role in diagnosis of prostate cancer.