Open AccessDIABETIC EYE SCREENING IN SIR GANGA RAM HOSPITAL, LAHORE.
Author(s) -
Muhammad Adnan,
Humera Zafar,
Z Mohamed Ali,
Iffat Shabbir,
Tayyaba Rahat
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the professional medical journal/the professional medical journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2071-7733
pISSN - 1024-8919
DOI - 10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2523
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetic retinopathy , diabetes mellitus , visual acuity , ophthalmology , complication , retinopathy , blindness , eye examination , type 2 diabetes , optometry , surgery , endocrinology
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the optical complication that may leadto impaired vision. It is one of the most prevalent but preventable blinding disease. Its earlydiagnosis is prerequisite for the prevention of the visual loss and blindness associated withdiabetic complication. Objective: To estimate frequency of eye examination and various typesof retinopathy; and to find the association between diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted from Apr-Sep 2012 by PMRC ResearchCentre, FJMC, Lahore. Using non probability convenient sampling, eighty known type IIdiabetics were recruited. Venous blood was drawn for plasma glucose level (GOD-PAP) andglycosylated hemoglobin (Ion-Exchange Resin). Arterial blood pressure was measured usingdigital apparatus (Oscillometric method). Visual acuity was tested by Snellen’s chart and dilatedfundus examination was done to screen diabetic retinopathy. Data was analyzed using StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS-20). Results: The study included 41% males and 59%females. Mean age was 51±9 (33-67) years. Diabetics who never screened for retinopathy were54.3%; and who examined during last year as per IDF guidelines were 25.7%. The frequencyof bilateral and unilateral NPDR was 22.5% and 5%, respectively. The occurrence of NPDR wasslightly higher in left eye, whereas PDR was more prevalent in right eye. The visual acuity wasequal or better than 6/12 in better eye of 80% study participants; and was 6/18-6/36 in better eyeof 20% participants. DR was significantly associated with longer duration of diabetes (p-0.010),poorly controlled diabetes (p-0.044) and hypertension (p-0.006). Odd ratios (95% CI) showedthat duration of diabetes ≥20 years, glycosylated hemoglobin ≥7.5 %, Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm/Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm/Hg had 3-5 times higher risk of retinopathy. Conclusion:Majority of patients were neither knew nor referred for eye examination. Strict control of diabetesand hypertension may prevent or delay diabetic retinopathy. Policy Message: Annual eyeexamination must be prescribed by the physician/ diabetologist. An education and awarenessprogram for diabetics and community based survey is highly recommended.