Multinational Corporations and Civil Society: A case study Comparison of H&M and Hoang Anh Gia Lai Group in Cambodia

  This paper examines the impact both positive, and negative of two multinational corporations (MNCs), H&M and Hoang Ahn Gia Lai Group both of whom operate extensively in Cambodia. It examines the important role domestic civil society plays in resisting the worst predatory tendencies in MNCs, and how the capacity to resist may be curbed by authoritarian regimes. Furthermore, the essay examines the role of international groups as well as consumer society on holding MNCs accountable for their actions. Particular attention is paid to the impact these multinational corporations have on women and indigenous communities, who are in the Cambodia context two of the most vulnerable groups in society. Moreover, it is suggested that while multinational corporations may ameliorate their practices in some areas, this often requires sustained pressure from a variety of actors, with this being especially true when governments cannot or are unwilling to regulate the behaviour of corporations. Lastly, it is suggested that civil society in the host state is the most important actor for bringing pressure to bear on MNCs, they must be supported by either international actors, or the domestic government to truly reign in the most predatory behaviour of MNCs.