Open AccessRisk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato‐derived products
Author(s) -
Schrenk Dieter,
Bignami Margherita,
Bodin Laurent,
Chipman James Kevin,
del Mazo Jesús,
Hogstrand Christer,
Hoogenboom Laurentius Ron,
Leblanc JeanCharles,
Nebbia Carlo Stefano,
Nielsen Elsa,
Ntzani Evangelia,
Petersen Annette,
Sand Salomon,
Schwerdtle Tanja,
Vleminckx Christiane,
Wallace Heather,
Brimer Leon,
Cottrill Bruce,
Dusemund Birgit,
Mulder Patrick,
Vollmer Günter,
Binaglia Marco,
Ramos Bordajandi Luisa,
Riolo Francesca,
RoldánTorres Ruth,
GraslKraupp Bettina
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
efsa journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.076
H-Index - 97
ISSN - 1831-4732
DOI - 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6222
Subject(s) - toxicology , human health , reference dose , animal feed , risk assessment , animal food , food safety , medicine , environmental health , food science , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , computer security , computer science
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids ( GA s) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GA s, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GA s (α‐solanine and α‐chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of 1 mg total potato GA s/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long‐term intake of GA s via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for α‐solanine and α‐chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GA s was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure ( MOE ) approach was applied. The MOE s for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys. For adult age groups, the MOE s indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GA s, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GA s could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GA s in these species.